经济月报：东盟、印度与澳大利亚（2025年8月·简版）

MUFG Bank, Ltd. A member of MUFG, a global financial group Economic Monthly: ASEAN , India and Australia (August 2026 – Simple Edition) 20 August 2026 (original Japanese version released on 13 August ) MUFG Bank Economic Research Office

2 Singapore Major Economic Indicators 1. Singapore Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values Source: Singapore Department of Statistics, CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 511 573 604 Population (person mn) 5.92 6.04 6.11 GDP per capita (USD) 86,362 94,912 98,878 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ( 1.5) ( 5.3) ( 5.0) ( 4.5) ( 5.7) ( 6.3) ( 5.9) Industrial Production Index (IPI) (YoY, %) ( - 4.2) ( 3.8) ( 8.7) ( 4.6) ( 11.4) ( 7.3) ( 12.5) ( 12.8) ( 17.8) ( 7.2) Real Retail Sales Index (RSI) (YoY, %) ( 3.2) ( 3.0) ( 3.0) ( 4.4) ( 3.8) ( 4.3) ( 4.0) ( 5.2) ( 2.9) ( 4.0) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) ( 3.8) ( 1.5) ( 1.2) ( 0.7) ( 1.2) ( 1.8) ( 1.9) ( 1.8) ( 1.8) ( 1.9) Exports (fob) (SGD mn) 638,403 674,505 739,442 183,300 200,684 219,641 254,358 89,746 79,160 85,451 (YoY, %) ( - 10.1) ( 5.7) ( 9.6) ( 8.2) ( 15.0) ( 27.9) ( 38.5) ( 31.7) ( 36.0) ( 48.9) Imports (cif) (SGD mn) 567,319 611,359 658,265 165,115 181,789 189,522 223,520 75,892 75,010 72,618 (YoY, %) ( - 13.4) ( 7.8) ( 7.7) ( 8.6) ( 14.1) ( 22.9) ( 42.2) ( 34.5) ( 43.5) ( 49.8) Trade Balance (SGD mn) 71,084 63,146 81,177 18,184 18,895 30,118 30,837 13,854 4,150 12,833 Current Account Balance (SGD mn) 112,512 131,674 131,956 28,479 40,236 40,820 37,077 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 344,581 365,494 404,933 388,110 404,933 415,496 422,882 425,249 Three-month SIBOR (SGD,%) ◎ 3.71 3.07 1.19 1.46 1.19 1.07 1.08 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.02 Exchange Rate (USD/SGD)* 1.343 1.336 1.307 1.284 1.296 1.276 1.280 1.277 1.276 1.288 1.291 Stock Index ◎ 3,240.3 3,787.6 4,646.2 4,300.2 4,646.2 4,885.5 5,170.7 4,912.7 5,037.9 5,170.7 5,628.5

3 Indonesia Major Economic Indicators 2. Indonesia Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values. Source: Bank Indonesia (BI), CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 1,371 1,396 1,446 Population (person mn) 278.7 281.6 284.7 GDP Per Capita (USD) 4,920 4,958 5,082 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ( 5.0) ( 5.0) ( 5.1) ( 5.0) ( 5.4) ( 5.6) ( 5.3) Industrial Production Index (YoY, %) ( 2.4) ( 2.6) ( 2.1) ( 2.7) ( 3.9) ( 5.6) Domestic Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) 1,005,802 865,723 803,687 184,698 242,282 209,016 227,611 80,789 69,219 77,603 81,115 (YoY, %) ( - 4.0) ( - 13.9) ( - 7.2) ( - 17.4) ( 4.4) ( 1.7) ( 33.0) ( 55.0) ( 14.0) ( 33.0) ( 33.3) Consumer Price Index* (YoY, %) (3.7) (2.3) (1.9) (2.4) (2.8) (3.9) (2.9) (2.4) ( 3.1) ( 3.3) ( 2.9) Exports (fob) (USD mn) 258,785 266,529 282,864 74,391 73,104 66,849 73,965 25,303 23,204 25,459 (YoY, %) ( - 11.3) ( 3.0) ( 6.1) ( 9.0) ( 0.8) ( 0.3) ( 7.6) ( 22.0) ( - 5.7) ( 8.8) Imports (cif) (USD mn) 221,886 235,200 241,820 60,386 65,536 61,301 75,937 25,214 24,814 25,909 (YoY, %) ( - 6.6) ( 6.0) ( 2.8) ( - 2.1) ( 3.4) ( 10.0) ( 26.2) ( 22.5) ( 22.2) ( 34.3) Trade Balance (USD mn) 36,899 31,330 41,044 14,005 7,568 5,549 - 1,972 89 - 1,610 - 451 Current Account Balance (USD mn) - 2,042 - 8,583 - 1,522 3,969 - 2,478 - 4,008 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 141,149 149,118 144,531 138,807 144,531 135,365 134,307 133,342 132,252 134,307 7-day Reverse Repo Rate ◎ 6.00 6.00 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 5.75 4.75 5.25 5.75 5.75 Exchange Rate (USD/IDR)* 15,255 15,847 16,475 16,364 16,667 16,853 17,529 17,141 17,546 17,923 18,008 Stock Index ◎ 7,272.8 7,079.9 8,646.9 8,061.1 8,646.9 7,048.2 5,643.2 6,956.8 6,127.4 5,643.2 6,236.1

4 Thailand Major Economic Indicators 3. Thailand Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values Source: Bank of Thailand (BOT), NESDB, CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 517 530 577 Population (person mn) 66.1 66.0 65.8 GDP Per Capita (USD) 7,832 8,030 8,771 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ( 2.2) ( 2.9) ( 2.4) ( 1.2) ( 2.5) ( 2.8) Industrial Production Index (YoY, %) ( - 3.6) ( - 0.5) ( - 0.4) ( - 1.9) ( - 0.3) ( 0.9) ( - 1.8) ( - 0.9) ( - 1.3) ( - 3.1) Private Consumption Indicator (YoY, %) ( 7.2) ( 4.0) ( 2.4) ( 2.5) ( 4.1) ( 5.3) ( 3.2) ( 1.4) ( 3.5) ( 4.9) Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) 775,906 572,287 601,992 145,275 154,023 182,043 164,883 48,394 57,765 58,724 (YoY, %) ( - 8.7) ( - 26.2) ( 5.2) ( 11.2) ( 15.3) ( 18.8) ( 10.3) ( 2.5) ( 10.6) ( 17.3) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) ( 1.3) ( 0.4) ( - 0.1) ( - 0.7) ( - 0.5) ( - 0.5) ( 2.7) ( 2.9) ( 2.8) ( 2.4) ( 2.0) Unemployment Rate (%)* 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 Exports (fob) (USD mn) 280,746 297,270 335,258 86,158 83,971 95,096 99,079 30,889 33,751 34,439 (YoY, %) ( - 1.5) ( 5.9) ( 12.8) ( 11.4) ( 9.4) ( 17.6) ( 17.6) ( 23.2) ( 9.8) ( 21.1) Imports (cif) (USD mn) 261,556 275,911 310,447 78,700 82,037 95,399 111,155 37,658 36,384 37,113 (YoY, %) ( - 3.7) ( 5.5) ( 12.5) ( 11.5) ( 16.7) ( 33.2) ( 42.3) ( 44.0) ( 34.5) ( 48.9) Trade Balance (USD mn) 19,190 21,359 24,812 7,459 1,934 - 303 - 12,075 - 6,769 - 2,632 - 2,674 Current Account Balance (USD mn) 8,479 11,619 17,429 3,162 423 1,417 - 17,695 - 7,790 - 6,432 - 3,474 Capital and Financial Account (USD mn) - 11,179 - 6,551 - 11,732 - 931 - 238 External Debt (USD mn) ◎ 196,547 195,433 209,215 202,783 209,215 209,743 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 208,291 217,253 249,326 244,170 249,326 245,250 248,971 252,082 253,228 248,971 244,957 One-day Repo Rate (%) ◎ 2.50 2.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Exchange Rate (USD/THB)* 34.80 35.29 32.88 32.30 32.17 31.60 32.59 32.35 32.51 32.91 33.49 Stock Index ◎ 1,415.9 1,400.2 1,259.7 1,274.2 1,259.7 1,448.1 1,591.2 1,493.7 1,568.4 1,591.2 1,623.6

5 Malaysia Major Economic Indicators 4. Malaysia Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values Source: Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 401 423 473 Population (person mn) 33.4 34.1 34.2 GDP Per Capita (USD) 11,993 12,412 13,825 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ( 3.6) ( 5.2) ( 5.2) ( 5.3) ( 6.2) ( 5.4) Industrial Production Index (YoY, %) ( 0.7) ( 3.9) ( 3.4) ( 4.7) ( 4.9) ( 4.0) ( 7.7) ( 8.2) ( 8.5) ( 6.5) Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) 799,821 818,773 820,752 204,432 241,416 182,205 203,148 73,324 61,945 67,879 (YoY, %) ( 10.9) ( 2.4) ( 0.2) ( 0.0) ( 8.3) ( - 3.3) ( 8.9) ( 18.6) ( - 11.0) ( 23.3) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) ( 2.5) ( 1.8) ( 1.4) ( 1.3) ( 1.4) ( 1.6) ( 2.0) ( 1.9) ( 2.0) ( 1.9) Exports (fob) (MYR mn) 1,426,199 1,509,291 1,609,391 410,835 436,769 426,568 545,018 183,270 183,861 177,887 (YoY, %) ( - 8.0) ( 5.8) ( 6.6) ( 6.9) ( 11.2) ( 12.6) ( 42.4) ( 37.3) ( 44.7) ( 45.4) Imports (cif) (MYR mn) 1,211,044 1,370,237 1,452,558 359,735 387,677 363,405 461,033 154,044 143,987 163,001 (YoY, %) ( - 6.4) ( 13.1) ( 6.0) ( 0.4) ( 11.8) ( 7.6) ( 25.4) ( 20.0) ( 14.4) ( 43.9) Trade Balance (MYR mn) 215,155 139,053 156,833 51,101 49,092 63,163 83,985 29,226 39,873 14,885 Current Account Balance (MYR mn) 20,048 27,354 32,805 13,506 2,748 15,157 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 110,885 112,968 120,170 118,839 120,170 120,220 126,730 123,430 124,307 126,730 126,229 Three-month KLIBOR (%) ◎ 3.00 3.00 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 Exchange Rate (USD/MYR)* 4.57 4.57 4.28 4.23 4.15 3.97 4.00 3.98 3.95 4.08 4.08 Stock Index ◎ 1,454.7 1,642.3 1,680.1 1,611.9 1,680.1 1,690.4 1,664.1 1,722.0 1,683.1 1,664.1 1,724.9

6 The Philippines Major Economic Indicators 5. The Philippines Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values. Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), IMF, CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 437 462 487 Population (person mn) 114.9 115.8 116.8 GDP Per Capita (USD) 3,909 4,093 4,282 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) (5.5) (5.7) (4.4) (4.0) (3.0) (2.8) (2.3) Industrial Production Index (YoY, %) (4.9) (0.7) ( - 0.4) ( - 0.1) ( - 0.3) (1.7) (9.7) (9.9) (9.1) (10.1) Domestic Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) 429,807 467,252 463,646 112,498 120,236 105,642 97,988 27,225 33,532 37,231 (YoY, %) (21.9) (8.7) ( - 0.8) ( - 4.7) ( - 2.2) ( - 9.8) ( - 13.9) ( - 18.9) ( - 15.7) ( - 8.0) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) (6.0) (3.2) (1.7) (1.4) (1.7) (2.8) (6.8) (7.2) (6.8) (6.4) (6.2) Exports (fob) (USD mn) 73,617 73,269 84,480 21,767 21,402 22,723 23,996 7,274 7,949 8,772 (YoY, %) ( - 7.5) ( - 0.5) (15.3) (13.0) (21.9) (12.8) (13.4) (7.2) (8.6) (24.1) Imports (cif) (USD mn) 126,209 127,597 134,201 34,857 33,555 36,053 41,473 13,710 14,052 13,711 (YoY, %) ( - 8.0) (1.1) (5.2) (3.6) (3.4) (10.6) (25.0) (27.3) (28.2) (19.6) Trade Balance (USD mn) - 52,592 - 54,328 - 49,722 - 13,090 - 12,153 - 13,330 - 17,477 - 6,435 - 6,103 - 4,939 Current Account Balance (USD mn) - 12,387 - 18,565 - 16,291 - 4,076 - 2,471 - 5,664 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 93,196 95,251 92,256 92,675 92,256 86,460 87,551 84,549 84,507 87,551 85,889 Overnight Reverse Repurchase Rate ◎ 6.50 5.75 4.50 5.00 4.50 4.25 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.75 Exchange Rate (USD/PHP)* 55.63 57.29 57.51 57.08 58.69 58.95 60.99 60.29 61.44 61.25 61.60 Stock Index ◎ 6,450.0 6,528.8 6,052.9 5,953.5 6,052.9 5,948.9 6,037.2 5,833.6 5,768.8 6,037.2 6,236.4

7 Vietnam Major Economic Indicators 6. Vietnam Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, State Bank of Vietnam (SBV), IMF, CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 434 476 515 Population (person mn) 100.3 101.3 102.3 GDP Per Capita (USD) 4,323 4,700 5,029 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) (5.0) (7.0) (8.0) (8.3) (8.5) (7.9) (8.4) Industrial Production Index (YoY, %) (1.5) (8.4) (9.2) (10.0) (9.9) (9.0) (11.2) (10.6) (10.1) (12.9) (14.5) Domestic Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) 276,379 295,981 313,359 74,552 108,234 76,790 72,971 24,479 24,136 24,356 25,246 (YoY, %) ( - 22.8) (7.1) (5.9) ( - 4.7) (6.0) (30.3) (1.9) (5.6) (6.5) ( - 5.6) ( - 5.0) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) (3.3) (3.6) (3.3) (3.3) (3.4) (3.5) (5.3) (5.5) (5.6) (4.7) (4.4) Exports (fob) (USD mn) 354,721 405,896 474,998 128,718 126,099 122,682 143,703 45,986 46,929 50,787 53,095 (YoY, %) ( - 4.6) (14.4) (17.0) (18.6) (19.8) (19.0) (22.8) (22.2) (18.0) (28.1) (25.0) Imports (cif) (USD mn) 326,358 380,991 454,926 119,796 122,901 126,189 155,552 49,980 52,141 53,432 56,668 (YoY, %) ( - 9.2) (16.7) (19.4) (20.3) (21.1) (26.7) (38.2) (35.7) (33.8) (45.2) (41.4) Trade Balance (USD mn) 28,363 24,906 20,071 8,922 3,198 - 3,507 - 11,850 - 3,993 - 5,212 - 2,644 - 3,573 Current Account Balance (USD mn) 25,793 30,508 33,135 13,159 7,654 2,716 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 92,238 83,082 85,580 84,173 85,580 85,366 84,517 85,052 Refinancing Rate ◎ 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 Exchange Rate (USD/VND)* 23,794 24,168 24,962 25,205 25,129 25,083 25,134 25,106 25,127 25,168 25,247 Stock Index ◎ 1,129.93 1,266.78 1,784.49 1,661.70 1,784.49 1,674.49 1,860.01 1,854.10 1,863.49 1,860.01 1,735.78

8 India Major Economic Indicators 7. India Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values. Source: Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Central Statistics Office, CEIC, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office FY2023 FY2024 FY2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Nominal GDP (USD bn) 3,510 3,801 3,974 Population (person mn) 1,395 1,408 1,421 GDP Per Capita (USD) 2,515 2,700 2,798 Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ( 7.2) ( 7.1) ( 7.7) ( 8.3) ( 8.0) ( 7.8) Industrial Production Index (IPI) (YoY, %) ( 5.9) ( 5.7) ( 4.3) ( 5.4) ( 4.3) ( 3.8) ( 5.7) ( 4.9) ( 5.0) ( 7.3) Motor Vehicle Sales: Passenger Vehicle (PV) 4,206,286 4,286,188 4,623,563 1,035,070 1,272,360 1,309,781 1,264,310 437,312 438,854 388,144 (YoY, %) (25.7) (1.9) (7.9) ( - 1.5) ( 20.5) ( 13.1) ( 25.6) ( 25.4) ( 27.3) ( 24.1) Wholesale Price Index (YoY, %) ( - 0.7) ( 2.3) ( 0.7) ( 0.0) ( - 0.1) ( 2.7) ( 8.3) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) ( 5.7) ( 5.0) ( 2.2) ( 1.7) ( 0.6) ( 3.1) ( 3.9) ( 3.5) ( 3.9) ( 4.4) ( 4.4) Exports (fob) (USD mn) 437,072 437,705 441,731 107,922 110,230 112,012 129,278 43,724 45,144 40,410 (YoY, %) ( - 3.1) (0.1) ( 0.9) ( 8.3) ( 1.4) ( - 2.8) ( 15.9) ( 14.2) ( 17.9) ( 15.5) Imports (cif) (USD mn) 673,992 721,132 774,982 195,956 204,185 194,524 216,177 71,933 73,404 70,840 (YoY, %) ( - 5.9) (7.0) (7.5) ( 5.0) ( 8.9) ( 11.3) ( 19.9) ( 10.0) ( 20.6) ( 31.0) Trade Balance (USD mn) - 236,920 - 283,427 - 333,251 - 88,034 - 93,955 - 82,512 - 86,899 - 28,209 - 28,260 - 30,430 Current Account Balance (USD mn) - 26,038 - 22,947 - 25,240 - 13,970 - 15,490 7,081 Total Reserves Minus Gold (USD mn) ◎ 593,744 590,193 575,693 602,644 576,449 575,693 566,002 575,504 570,524 566,002 Repo Rate(%) ◎ 6.50 6.25 5.25 5.50 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 5.25 Exchange Rate (USD/INR)* 82.79 84.57 88.31 87.27 89.15 91.40 94.71 93.55 95.60 94.97 95.82 Stock Index ◎ 73,651 77,415 71,948 80,268 85,221 71,948 76,479 76,914 74,776 76,479 78,095

9 Australia Major Economic Indicators 8. Australia Note: *Average value during the period, ◎ End-of-period values, ○ seasonally adjusted Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Reserve Bank of Australia, Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries, Bloomberg, MUFG Bank Economic Research Office 2023 2024 2025 25Q3 Q4 26Q1 Q2 APR-26 MAY JUN JUL Real GDP Growth Rate (YoY, %) ○ 2.1 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 Real Retail Sales (AUD bn) ○ 858 883 923 231 236 238 242 80 81 81 (YoY, %) ( 8.3) ( 2.9) ( 4.6) ( 5.0) ( 5.4) ( 5.2) ( 5.5) ( 5.1) ( 5.5) ( 6.0) Motor Vehicle Sales (Unit) ○ 1,216,780 1,220,607 1,209,808 305,628 295,369 282,862 323,931 92,591 100,206 131,134 103,656 (YoY, %) ( 12.5) ( 0.3) ( - 0.9) ( 3.7) ( 0.7) ( - 2.6) ( 1.7) ( 2.2) ( - 4.8) ( 7.0) ( 0.5) No. of dwelling units approved ○ 164,332 174,364 196,919 49,643 51,206 51,007 52,793 17,375 17,090 18,328 (YoY, %) ( - 14.3) ( 6.1) ( 12.9) ( 10.7) ( 8.0) ( 6.2) ( 8.8) ( 12.1) ( 5.5) ( 8.9) Unemployment Rate (%) ○ 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 Wage Price Index (excluding bonuses, YoY, %) ○ ( 3.9) ( 3.7) ( 3.4) ( 3.4) ( 3.4) ( 3.2) Consumer Price Index (YoY, %) ( 5.6) ( 3.2) ( 2.8) ( 3.2) ( 3.7) ( 4.0) ( 4.2) ( 4.0) ( 3.8) Exports (AUD bn) ○ 559 516 524 130 134 133 138 47 44 48 (YoY, %) ( - 6.0) ( - 7.6) ( 1.4) ( 3.8) ( 5.3) ( 1.6) ( 7.2) ( 10.0) ( 2.4) ( 9.2) Imports (AUD bn) ○ 435 449 478 120 124 127 137 45 46 46 (YoY, %) ( 0.0) ( 3.8) ( 6.4) ( 7.0) ( 10.8) ( 8.8) ( 16.8) ( 19.7) ( 11.9) ( 19.0) Trade Balance (AUD bn) ○ 124 67 46 10 10 6 1 2 - 2 2 Current Account Balance (AUD bn) ○ - 12 - 61 - 77 - 19 - 23 - 27 Total Reserves Minus Gold (AUD mn) ◎ 56,605 54,455 62,115 58,024 62,115 58,743 57,643 58,433 57,611 57,643 62,038 Interest Rate (%) ◎ 4.35 4.35 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.10 4.35 4.10 4.35 4.35 4.35 Three-month Rate (%) ◎ 4.35 4.42 3.74 3.62 3.74 4.30 4.46 4.37 4.45 4.46 4.50 10-Year Gov. Bond Yield (%) ◎ 3.96 4.37 4.74 4.31 4.74 4.97 4.73 5.07 4.84 4.73 4.94 Exchange Rate (AUD/USD) * 0.664 0.660 0.645 0.654 0.656 0.695 0.710 0.709 0.718 0.703 0.696 Stock Index ◎ 7,591 8,159 8,714 8,849 8,714 8,482 8,779 8,666 8,732 8,779 8,977

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11 Contact Information MUFG Bank, Economic Research Office Authors: Haruka Watanabe e-mail ： haruka_4_watanabe@mufg.jp Nanao Harano e-mail ： nanao_harano@mufg.jp