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华侨银行研究 · 2026/08/03

疲软的PMI数据强化了进一步政策支持的预期

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在Telegram上搜索‘OCBC Research Insights’关注我们的播客! 1 1 环球市场 | 3八月 2026 大中华区 – 每周回顾要点:疲软的PMI数据强化了进一步政策支持的预期。中国市场经历了一周的动荡,主要受三股力量影响:美国新出台的第301条关税、全球人工智能和半导体板块的大幅抛售(对内地成长股本周中期造成重压)、以及7月30中央政治局会议,该会议释放了政策延续性的总体信号。尽管中国领先的存储芯片生产商长鑫存储(CXMT)上市首日表现抢眼,但内地成长指数仍出现回调。其股价在首个交易日飙升466%,使其成为按市值计算的中国最具价值的上市公司。然而,整体市场反应仍高度分化。轮动资金继续支撑在岸蓝筹股和香港上市的中国股票,表明此次抛售更多是由仓位调整而非普遍避险情绪驱动。周五公布的弱于预期的PMI数据进一步强化了更多政策支持的预期。7月份中国制造业PMI下降1.1个点至49.2,低于季节性常态,重回收缩区间。这一下降可能反映了传统夏季淡季与强厄尔尼诺现象相关的极端天气(包括台风、强降雨和部分地区洪涝)异常早且严重的影响之叠加。供需双双走弱,但需求端恶化更为明显。生产指数下降1.5个点至49.9,而新订单指数下降2.7个点至48.5。相比之下,新出口订单指数仅微降0.5个点,表明国内需求和生产的降幅更为显著,而外需保持相对韧性。高技术制造业仍是主要亮点,其PMI保持在53.3,连续第18个月处于扩张区间。相比之下,消费品制造业明显收缩,凸显出新旧增长动能之间的持续分化。疲软态势不仅限于制造业。7月份服务业PMI下降1.1个点至49.3,也低于季节性常态,而建筑业PMI下降2.0个点至47.0,并持续处于收缩区间。总体来看,7月份制造业和服务业PMI降幅均超过季节性常态并滑入收缩区间。数据揭示了四个关键分化:供给强于需求、外需强于内需、价格压力依然疲弱、新增长动能继续跑赢传统行业。全面放缓进一步强化了加快政策实施的理由,尤其是通过财政投放和基建相关融资,但

通过Telegram搜索‘OCBC Research Insights’关注我们的播客!2 2 由全球市场部 | 3月2026 高技术制造业和出口需求的韧性提供了一定的抵消。中国最高决策层于30月结束了7月政治局会议。会议强化了政策延续性而非政策加速的信号。近期优先事项是改善执行并释放现有政策空间。政策工具箱仍保留灵活性。尽管会议没有承诺新一轮政策利率或存款准备金率下调,但我们仍认为第四季度有可能进行象征性降息以支持信贷需求。香港经济在2026,年第二季度保持了稳健的增长轨迹,尽管扩张速度较前一季度的异常强劲表现有所放缓,且低于市场预期。实际GDP在2年第二季度同比增长4.3%,较1年第一季度的五年高点5.9%有所回落。经季节性调整的环比数据方面,GDP收缩了0.6%,而第一季度则强劲增长2.9%。基本活动保持韧性,国内需求的持续扩张和外部贸易动态的改善提供了支撑。考虑到上半年好于预期的潜在动能,我们将全年GDP增长预测上调0.4个百分点至3.8%。另提一点,香港房价在6月连续第13个月上涨,达到两年半高位,尽管由于对美联储政策路径的鹰派重新定价、本地股市调整以及全球宏观经济不确定性加剧,涨势有所放缓。按环比计算,住宅物业价格指数在6月以0.3%的温和幅度上涨(5月为1.5%)。相比之下,租金指数的涨幅从之前的一个月0.9%加速至0.5%,凸显租赁需求的韧性。在2026,年上半年,官方住宅物业价格指数和租金指数累计分别上涨7.9%和2.6%。尽管上半年的强劲表现已使房价接近我们全年预测8.5%,但我们仍预计下半年房价升势将更为温和。另一方面,鉴于租金市场表现强于预期,我们将全年租金增长预测从此前的4.5%上调至3.5%。货币政策方面,金管局在美联储决定按兵不动后,将基准利率维持在4%不变。与此同时,本地商业银行也维持港元最优惠利率不变。另一方面,港元银行间同业拆息本周变化不大,仍普遍存在上行粘性。我们预计1个月和3个月港元银行间同业拆息在2026年底分别位于2.80%和2.95%。随着即期美元/港元交易接近7.85的弱方兑换保证,投资者正关注流动性影响。如果触发外汇干预,流动性可能需要从票据市场转向银行间市场,这些操作可能导致港元利率出现双向波动。转至澳门,实体经济在2年第二季度同比小幅增长0.3%,低于……

通过Telegram搜索‘OCBC Research Insights’关注我们的播客!3 3 由全球市场部提供 | 3 八月 2026 较上一季度的7.1%。总体而言,澳门经济在2026上半年同比增长3.7%,使经济总量恢复至2019年水平的89.1%。分项来看,服务出口总额和私人消费支出在本季度仍以稳健的速度增长,同比分别增长7.2%和2.8%,而政府消费支出和固定资本形成总额则录得收缩。国际足联世界杯对入境旅游和赌场人流的负面影响,以及投资势头弱于预期,促使我们将全年2026增长预测从此前的4.2%小幅下调至4.0%。

通过Telegram搜索‘OCBC研究洞察’关注我们的播客!4 4 由全球市场部 | 3 八月 2026 关键事件事实 OCBC观点 杠 ▪ 中国最高决策层于30七月结束了7月政治局会议,总体信号指向政策连续性,而非大规模刺激措施。 杠 ▪ 没有出现“政策火箭筒”,这与我们的预期大致相符,即政策支持仍将侧重于为增长托底,而非实施大规模刺激。总体宏观政策立场未变:“更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策”,与4月的表述相同。 杠 ▪ 会议未提高GDP增长目标、未承诺新一轮政策利率或存款准备金率下调、未推出专项消费券计划,也未表明扩大住房库存收购。 杠 ▪ 政策工具箱仍保留灵活性,但第三季度的重点可能是加快现有政策资源的部署。我们认为,10月召开的第五次全体会议预计将敲定“十五”规划建议,将成为更重要的政策定价事件。因此,有意义的增量宽松空间似乎更集中在第四季度。 杠 ▪ 香港:正如预期,香港金管局维持基本利率不变,为4%,跟随美联储按兵不动的决定。与此同时,本地商业银行也维持港币最优惠利率不变。另一方面,港元银行同业拆息本周变动不大,继续保持较大的上行粘性。 杠 ▪ 我们预计1个月和3个月港元银行同业拆息在-2026年底分别为2.80%和2.95%。随着美元兑港元即期汇率接近弱方兑换保证水平7.85,投资者正在关注流动性影响。如果触发外汇干预,流动性可能需要从票据市场转向银行间市场,这些操作可能导致港元利率出现双向波动。关键经济数据事实 OCBC观点 杠 ▪ 7月中国制造业PMI下降1.1点至49.2,低于季节性常态,重回收缩区间。 杠 ▪ 下降可能反映了传统夏季淡季与与强厄尔尼诺相关联的异常早发和严重极端天气(包括台风、暴雨和部分地区的洪涝)的共同影响。 杠 ▪ 供需双双走弱,但需求端恶化更为明显。生产指数下降1.5点至49.9,而新订单指数下降2.7点至48.5。相比之下,新出口订单指数仅微降0.5点,表明国内需求和产出放缓更为明显,而外部需求相对韧性。 杠 ▪ 高技术制造业仍是主要亮点,其PMI保持在53.3,连续18个月处于扩张区间。相比之下,消费品制造业明显收缩,凸显新旧增长动能之间的持续分化。各类规模企业的商业信心均有所减弱,大型、中型和小型企业的PMI分别下降1.2、0.8和0.8

通过Telegram搜索“OCBC Research Insights”关注我们的播客!5 5 由环球市场 | 3 八月 2026 点。就业状况也持续承压,部分反映了高温、强降雨和洪水造成的干扰。▪ 疲弱态势超出了制造业范围。服务业PMI下降1.1点至49.3,同样逊于季节性规律,而建筑业PMI下降2.0点至47.0,仍深陷收缩区间。短期内,关注焦点将集中于地方政府专项债券和特别国债的发行节奏、政策性金融工具的部署,以及“六网”基础设施规划的落实进度。▪ 总体而言,7月制造业和服务业PMI降幅均超过季节性常态,并跌入收缩区间。数据显示出四个关键分化:供给强于需求、外需强于内需、价格压力偏弱,以及新增长动能继续优于传统行业。全面的放缓强化了加快政策实施的依据,尤其是财政部署和基础设施相关融资,尽管高技术制造业和出口需求的韧性提供了部分抵消。▪ 香港:经济在2026,年第二季度保持稳健增长轨迹,尽管扩张步伐较上季度的强劲表现有所放缓,并低于市场预期。实际GDP在2年第二季度同比增长4.3%,较1年第一季度五年高点的5.9%有所回落。经季节性调整的环比方面,GDP收缩了0.6%,而第一季度则强劲增长2.9%。潜在活动保持韧性,受到内需持续扩张和外部贸易动态改善的支持。基于上半年好于预期的潜在动能,我们将全年GDP增长预测上调0.4个百分点至3.8%。▪ 内需继续提供主要增长引擎,但扩张步伐放缓。私人消费和本地固定资产形成总额分别同比增长2.9%和4.6%(1年第二季度:同比4.9%和同比18.3%)。这两个部分合计对总体增长(剔除库存变动)分别贡献约2.0个百分点和0.8个百分点。与此同时,政府消费增长放缓至同比0.5%(1年第二季度:同比2.8%),对总体增长的贡献温和,为0.1个百分点。▪ 外部部门仍对增长构成拖累,但负贡献较前几个季度显著收窄。货物和服务出口分别同比增长28.8%和3.4%,而进口分别增长29.3%和2.8%。因此,净出口在本季度拖累GDP增长1.5个百分点。▪ 与人工智能相关的贸易强劲势头和国内消费持续复苏应继续支持2026,年下半年的增长,尽管增速将较上半年稳健扩张有所放缓。▪ 香港:6月商品出口同比增长53.4%,为自1984,年3月以来最快增速,受全球人工智能基础设施强劲需求推动。商品进口也录得强劲增长,6月同比增长45.4%。贸易逆差

贸易逆差扩大至港币52.0亿元,而五月份为港币44.2亿元。▪ 按月计算,商品出口在前一个月经历短暂疲软后回升4.9%%,而进口则进一步按月增长5.9%%。对内地、美国和日本的商品出口稳健增长,足以抵消对部分亚洲经济体出口的萎缩。▪ 在2026,年上半年,商品出口和进口总值分别按年增长39.1%%和40.6%%,导致累计贸易逆差达港币294.6亿元。▪ 展望未来,人工智能基础设施支出的快速增长可能会维持贸易活动的高位,直至

通过在Telegram上搜索“OCBC Research Insights”关注我们的播客! 6 6 由全球市场部 | 3 八月 2026 今年剩余时间。凭借其在中国大陆制造业生态系统与国际市场之间的战略位置,香港正发展成为人工智能相关贸易和物流的区域枢纽。 ▪ 香港:6月份房价连续第13个月上涨,达到两年半以来的高点,但由于对美联储政策路径的鹰派重新定价、本地股市回调以及全球宏观经济不确定性加剧,上涨步伐放缓。环比来看,住宅物业价格指数6月涨幅放缓至0.3%(5月为1.5%)。相比之下,租金指数环比涨幅从此前的0.5%加速至0.9%,凸显了租赁需求的韧性。 ▪ 按单位面积分析,大众和中型物业(A、B和C类;可售面积低于100平方米)以及大型物业(D和E类;可售面积在100平方米及以上)的价格指数在6月份分别环比上涨0.3%和1.0%(5月份分别为1.5%和1.4%)。 ▪ 展望未来,房价上涨趋势可能会失去动力,因为高利率、持续存在的宏观经济不确定性以及金融市场状况转弱打压了买家情绪。与此同时,租赁市场预计将保持相对紧张,受到人才流入、非本地学生以及推迟购房的家庭需求的支撑。近期租金与房价增长之间的分化表明,早先的“买转租”趋势开始逆转,租金收益率逐步改善。 ▪ 在2026,上半年,官方住宅物业价格和租金指数累计分别上涨7.9%和2.6%。尽管强劲的上半年表现已使房价接近我们全年预测的8.5%,但我们仍然预期下半年房价上涨步伐将更加温和。另一方面,鉴于租赁市场表现强于预期,我们已将全年租金增长预测从此前的3.5%上调至4.5%。 ▪ 澳门:实体经济在2Q26,同比微增0.3%,较上一季度的7.1%有所放缓。总体来看,2026上半年澳门经济同比增长3.7%,使经济总产出恢复到2019水平的89.1%。 ▪ 分项来看,服务出口总额和私人消费支出在本季度仍保持较快增长,同比分别增长7.2%和2.8%,而政府消费支出和固定资本形成总额则出现收缩。 ▪ 世界杯对入境旅游和赌场人流的不利影响,以及投资动能弱于预期,促使我们将全年2026增长预测从此前的4.2%小幅下调至4.0%。 ▪ 另外,澳门7月份博彩毛收入(GGR)同比下降8.4%,至20.26亿澳门元,部分原因是世界杯转移了对博彩服务的兴趣。年初至今,博彩毛收入总计147.16亿澳门元,较去年同期高出4.4%。

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AI 分析
由 AI 依据上文研报生成 · 非原文直译、非机构原话 · 重要判断请核对官网原文
关键论点
  • 中国7月制造业PMI降至49.2,重回收缩区间,服务业PMI也降至49.3,均逊于季节性常态。
  • 广泛的经济放缓加强了加快政策实施的理由,尤其是财政部署和基础设施融资。
  • 香港经济在2026年第二季度同比增长4.3%,促使全年GDP预测上调至3.8%。
  • 预计今年下半年香港房价将温和上涨,而租金增长预测上调至4.5%。
  • 由于世界杯对旅游和赌场的影响,澳门2026年增长预测小幅下调至4.0%。
风险
  • 政策支持可能不足以抵消广泛的经济放缓,尤其是财政部署滞后。
  • 如果全球金融状况恶化,香港房价下跌可能超出预期。
  • 如果世界杯影响持续或投资未恢复,澳门增长可能不及预期。
  • 如果全球AI抛售持续,中国高技术制造业的韧性可能减弱。