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华侨银行研究 · 2026/08/11

中国央行加快黄金购买步伐

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在Telegram上搜索‘OCBC Research Insights’关注我们的播客! 1 1 由全球市场部 | 11 八月 2026 大中华区 – 周度回顾要点:中国央行加快黄金购买步伐 上周中国市场的热点是AI和半导体股票在七月份回调后的强劲反弹。与此同时,中国国债收益率保持基本稳定。偏鸽派的央行言论和疲软的经济数据继续支撑债券市场,但缺乏明确的政策利率下调或降准措施限制了收益率进一步下行的空间。中国总体CPI通胀进一步回落,七月同比涨幅为0.5%,低于六月份的1.0%。环比来看,CPI下降0.1%,显著弱于季节性规律:过去十年中,七月份CPI平均上涨约0.3%。令人鼓舞的是,核心CPI环比上涨0.3%,表明在排除波动较大的食品和能源成分后,潜在消费需求相对稳健。展望未来,天气相关的干扰应继续支持八月份食品价格的季节性上涨,而猪肉价格也开始从低位企稳反弹。这些因素应对总体通胀提供一定支撑。我们预计八月份CPI同比涨幅将小幅上升至约0.7%。PPI通胀也有所回落,七月份同比涨幅为3.5%,低于六月份的4.1%,并低于市场预期的3.9%。PPI环比下降0.7%,延续了六月份环比下降0.3%的势头。疲软主要集中在上游大宗商品相关行业,特别是原油和有色金属,而国内成品油价格下调带来了额外的下行压力。相比之下,AI相关需求仍是部分制造业领域价格支撑的显著来源。电气设备和计算机相关行业的工业生产者价格继续上涨,其中计算机和通信设备价格七月份环比上涨0.6%。这种分化表明,大宗商品价格疲软拖累了总体PPI,而与AI和先进制造业相关的需求继续支持部分工业领域的定价能力。AI相关产品也仍是出口增长的主要引擎。前七个月,集成电路和自动数据处理设备(ADP)的合计出口同比增长71%,其在中国总出口中的占比进一步提升至15.2%。出口增长在主要发达市场也呈现广泛性,七月份对美、日和欧盟的出口同比均增长超过10%。与此同时,七月份集成电路进口额再创历史新高,同比增长超过71%。AI相关产品进出口的持续强劲表明中国科技供应链活动活跃,这应继续成为重要推动力。

在Telegram上搜索“OCBC Research Insights”关注我们的播客!2 2 环球市场|11八月2026季度出口增长。7月中国货物贸易顺差仍处于高位,达112.5亿美元,有望超过去年创纪录的1.19万亿美元。中国央行在过去几个月利用金价疲软加速购买黄金,以推进其提高黄金占官方储备比重的长期目标。7月份,中国人民银行黄金持有量增加640,000盎司,至76.08百万盎司,标志着连续第21个月增持,且较6月480,000盎司的增幅进一步加快,6月已是自去年10月2023以来的最大月度购买量。香港零售业在6月份似乎失去了一些动力,销售值和销售量同比分别增长4.6%和2.3%,较前几个月进一步放缓。当月访港旅客总数降至3.72万人次,为9月2025,以来的最低水平,部分反映了持续强降雨和恶劣天气的影响。环比来看,6月份零售额按值和按量均下降6.8%,此前5月劳动节假期游客消费强劲。多数类别的消费支出有所走软,但非必需消费支出继续表现较好。6月份,“耐用消费品”和“珠宝、钟表及贵重礼品”销售额同比分别增长5.4%和20.1%。相比之下,必需消费品的需求依然低迷。我们继续预计,全年零售额将录得约6%的温和增长。另外,香港PMI(涵盖制造业、建筑业、批发、零售和服务业)仍处于扩张区间,但7月降至51.0(6月为52.0)。最大拖累来自库存分项指数,因需求疲弱导致采购活动和就业水平下降。另一方面,7月份通胀压力有所降温,整体投入价格、员工成本和收费价格的涨幅均放缓。澳门房地产市场显示出初步企稳的迹象,官方房价指数在2季度26,环比反弹1.9%,扭转了前一季度环比下降1.5%的局面。同比来看,2季度房地产指数仍较2025年同期下降1.9%。当季成交活动也有所走软,月均住宅成交从538季度26,的538宗降至424宗,表明房价的温和反弹并未伴随着市场需求的持续改善。我们认为,近期房价的上涨更多是短期市场企稳的迹象,而非持久复苏周期的开始。结构性阻力仍然显著,包括人口增长温和、租金回报率相对较低以及融资成本仍高于疫情前水平。展望未来,短期内楼市可能仍面临压力,但下行风险似乎正在减弱。我们预计澳门楼市将在未来几个季度继续处于逐步调整阶段。房价的显著反弹可能要等到需求基本面更为坚定地改善之后才能实现。

通过电报搜索“OCBC研究见解”关注我们的播客! 3 3 由全球市场部 | 11 8月 2026 关键事件 事实 华侨银行观点 ▪ 中国最高决策层于30 7月结束了7月政治局会议,总体信息指向政策连续性,而非重大刺激举措。 ▪ 没有出现重大“政策火箭炮”,这与我们的预期基本一致,即政策支持将侧重于为增长托底,而非实施大规模刺激。整体宏观政策立场保持不变:“更加积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策”,与4月份的措辞相同。 ▪ 会议没有提高GDP增长目标,没有承诺新一轮政策利率或存款准备金率下调,没有推出专门的消费券计划,也没有暗示扩大住房库存购买。 ▪ 政策工具仍保持灵活性,但第三季度的重点可能是加快现有政策资源的部署。我们认为,10月召开的五中全会预计将敲定“十五五”规划建议,将成为更重要的政策定价事件。因此,有意义的增量宽松政策空间似乎更多地集中在第四季度。 ▪ 香港:如预期,金管局在美联储决定按兵不动后,将基本利率维持在4%不变。与此同时,当地商业银行也维持港元最优惠利率不变。另一方面,港元同业拆借利率本周变化不大,仍大幅上行粘性。 ▪ 我们预计1个月和3个月港元同业拆借利率在-2026年底分别报2.80%和2.95%。随着即期美元兑港元汇率接近7.85的弱方兑换保证,投资者正关注流动性影响。如果触发外汇干预,流动性可能需从票据市场转向银行间市场,这些操作可能导致港元利率双向波动。 关键经济数据 事实 华侨银行观点 ▪ 中国7月整体CPI通胀进一步放缓至同比0.5%,低于6月的同比1.0%。环比来看,CPI下降0.1%,明显弱于季节性常态:过去十年中,7月CPI平均环比上涨约0.3%。 ▪ 该读数也低于市场对食品和服务价格季节性回升的预期。虽然这两个类别确实有所增强,包括旅游价格环比上涨6.6%,但涨幅被能源价格的大幅下降所抵消。尽管当月原油市场波动,车用燃料价格环比又下跌了9.8%。 ▪ 令人鼓舞的是,核心CPI环比上升0.3%,表明剔除波动较大的食品和能源成分后,潜在消费者需求相对有韧性。展望未来,天气相关干扰应继续支持8月食品价格的季节性上涨,而猪肉价格也已开始从低点企稳反弹。这些因素应会对整体通胀提供一定支撑。我们预计8月CPI通胀将小幅回升至同比约0.7%。 ▪ PPI通胀也有所放缓,7月同比涨幅降至3.5%,低于6月的同比4.1%,并低于市场预期的3.9%。PPI环比下降0.7%,延续了0.3%环比下降的趋势。

在 Telegram 上搜索‘OCBC Research Insights’关注我们的播客!4 4 由全球市场部 | 11 8月 2026 6月。疲软主要集中在与上游大宗商品相关的行业,尤其是原油和有色金属,而国内成品油价格下调进一步增加了下行压力。▪ 相比之下,与人工智能相关的需求在部分制造业中仍然是价格支撑的重要来源。电气设备和计算机相关行业的生产者价格继续上涨,其中计算机和通信设备价格在7月环比上涨0.6%。这种分化表明,大宗商品价格走弱拖累了整体PPI,而与人工智能和先进制造业相关的需求则继续支撑着部分工业领域的定价能力。▪ 7月,中国官方外汇储备环比增加2.52亿美元至3.419万亿美元2026。同时,中国人民银行持有的黄金增加了640,000盎司至76.08百万盎司,这是连续第21个月增持,且较6月480,000盎司的增幅进一步加快。▪ 连续第二个月加快黄金购买,强化了中国正在稳步实现官方储备多元化的观点。尽管金价出现大幅回调,中国人民银行在6月仍增加了480,000盎司——这已是自10月2023以来最大的月度购买量。7月进一步增至640,000盎司,表明当局正利用价格疲软之机推进其提高黄金在官方储备中占比的长期目标。▪ 以美元计算,7月中国出口同比增长23.9%,超出市场预期的22.9%,但增速较6月的27.0%有所放缓。进口同比增长27.5%,略高于27.0%的一致预期,但低于之前的36.0%。贸易顺差仍处于高位,达112.5亿美元。▪ 与人工智能相关的产品仍是关键的出口增长引擎。前七个月,集成电路和自动数据处理设备合计出口同比激增71%,使其占中国总出口的比重进一步升至15.2%。出口增长在主要发达市场中也很广泛,7月对美、日和欧的出口同比均增长超过10%。▪ 与此同时,集成电路进口额在7月创下又一个历史新高,同比增幅超过71%。人工智能相关产品的进出口持续强劲,表明中国科技供应链活动活跃,这应仍是3Q出口增长的重要推动力。▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ 免责声明

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AI 分析
由 AI 依据上文研报生成 · 非原文直译、非机构原话 · 重要判断请核对官网原文
关键论点
  • 中国人民银行连续第二个月加速增持黄金,7月增持64万盎司,为2023年10月以来最大月度增持,旨在多元化储备。
  • 中国7月CPI同比放缓至0.5%,低于预期,但核心CPI环比上涨0.3%,表明潜在需求相对稳定。
  • PPI同比降至3.5%,大宗商品价格疲软,但AI相关制造业价格上涨。
  • AI相关出口激增,集成电路和自动数据处理设备出口同比增71%,支撑贸易顺差。
  • 政策立场保持宽松但无重大刺激,预计第四季度才有增量宽松。
  • 香港零售销售6月放缓,必需品需求疲软,但可选消费表现强劲。
  • 澳门楼价第二季度环比回升1.9%,但需求疲弱,仅短期企稳。
风险
  • 全球大宗商品价格疲软可能进一步拖累PPI。
  • 天气干扰可能影响食品价格和CPI。
  • 政策宽松可能推迟至第四季度之后。
  • 澳门房地产市场可能继续承压。
  • 香港零售销售可能继续放缓。