自然作为一种资产：生物多样性对投资者的相关性

关键论点

• 自然是一项关键资产，支撑着经济活动；清洁水、肥沃土壤、授粉和气候调节等生态系统服务维系着企业运营与供应链的连续性。
• 价值链上对生物多样性丧失或生态系统破坏敞口较高的企业，可能面临运营、声誉和供应链风险，这些风险可能具有财务重大性。
• 自然相关风险具有地域性，因为生态系统退化往往是局部的；同一行业因地理不同，其水资源与生物多样性风险可能差异很大。
• 企业的自然依赖很大一部分位于供应链而非直接运营环节，因此价值链梳理是评估的核心。

对应原文证据

1. See box of definitions on page 6 for definitions of nature-related terms used throughout the document.
2. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) estimates that more than half of global gross domestic product— over $50 trillion of annual economic activity around the world 3 —is moderately to highly dependent on nature.
3. 4 When ecosystems fail to deliver the services on which a company relies, its dependency on nature could give rise to financial risks, such as increased costs, reduced production and disrupted supply chains.